A more specific answer...
Aerobic/cardio training will lead to:
1. strengthening the muscles involved in respiration, to facilitate the flow of air in and out of the lungs,
2. strengthening the heart muscle, to improve its pumping efficiency and reduce the resting heart rate (increased stroke volume),
3. strengthening of muscles throughout the body, which can improve overall circulation and reduce blood pressure,
4. increase in the total number of red blood cells in the body to facilitate transport of oxygen throughout the body (increased plasma volume).
The increased stroke volume is measurable via your resting heart rate. You should see a difference in your resting heart rate after a sustained regimen of aerobic training. Your heart wil not need to beat as frequently, since it will move more blood per beat. There is a lot of info out there to determine a decent resting heart rate based on your age.
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